top of page
Image by Annie Spratt

Rationalist Vs Phenomenological

Summary

In response to Botond Bognar's text on "Phenomenological approach to architecture and its teaching in design"is the following summary of Rationalist and Phenomenological design practice. The rationalist design practice is focused on being objective driven by analytical, programatical and scientific (1) factors. The essence of rationalist design is the relationship between the person (designer) and building (object) using a formulaic process in order to design a successful building (object). Therefore rationalist practice focuses on form and function and aesthetic values play a subordinate role (2). 

​
pavillon_de_mme_du_barry_-_louveciennes.jpg

17th Century Rationalist Architecture by Claude Nicolas Ledoux

Phenomenological  approach focuses on sensitivities connected to how the anthropogenic environment is experienced by a person. As mentioned by Botond Bognar, phenomenological philosophy is what makes the distinction between an environment being called a dwelling or home. Another example is if you're a builder a more rationalist approach concerned with function and form rather than phenomenological approach by an architect concerned with design and a focus on aesthetics. It is a persons individual connection and response with an environment when its called a home rather than a dwelling (3). Therefore a phenomenological philosophy considers the relationship between the person and the environment. 
Founding philosopher of phenomenology Edmund Hurssurl description of this approach put simply is the study of human experience (4). An example of design taking into human experience and environment relationship can be seen in contrasting room designs for hospitals below.

​

Human centred Design.png

Example of designing for human wellbeing. Room on the right is a new design, when patients have a view of nature they recover faster, use less pain medication and complain less.

Impact on Designers

Impact of rationalist approach on designers allows designers to follow a repeatable process with predictable outcomes that are measurable. This approach allows designers to successfully deliver an outcome that meets physical objectives. Phenomenological approach values tools such as contextual inquiry and observation to allow design to explore novel designs, for a positive impact on wellbeing that are intrinsic values rather than metic values. Design practice weighted toward rationalist philosophy will result in less innovative and novel outcomes therefore the result will be less creative. 

 

Affects of Rationalist and Phenological Approach to Graphic Design Practice

With a better understanding of the difference between the two philosophies it is possible to identify where it exists in many areas. For graphic designers following a rigorous process and brief, with strict time constraints and relying heavily on technology to achieve results in a timely fashion leads to reliance on design assets and design templates. This is a more rationalist approach and can lead to less original and innovative solutions. This is similar to when architecture saw the introduction of computers and software, there was more repetitive use of certain features available in the software. Design more sensitive to human experience are areas such as product design, ensuring the design enhances the experience through consultation with carefully selected users and collecting feedback through field studies, contextual inquiry and observations. In conclusion both styles of design practices suit different purposes a more functional approach can work for way finding design for example where the design serves a definite purpose and doesn't need to be as innovative. 

Volume_Rudolph_de_harak_richard_poulin_graphi.width-1440_zKCP97uH1hcEkKDr.jpg

Rudolph de Harak Graphic Designer, rationalist design style. He kept to a very simplified style so people could instantly recognise what his symbols represent. Designs serve a particular function.

Citations: 
(1) Seamon, D., & Mugerauer, R. (1986). Dwelling, place and environment : towards a phenomenology of person and world. Springer Netherlands. Retrieved April 2, 2023.

(2) Scruton, R. (2021). The aesthetics of architecture. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691240374 p33

(3) ​Seamon, D., & Mugerauer, R. (1986). Dwelling, place and environment : towards a phenomenology of person and world. Springer Netherlands. Retrieved April 2, 2023.

(4) David Seamon, Kansas State University. triad@ksu.edu www.arch.ksu.edu/seamon/ http://ksu.academia.edu/DavidSeamon

Reference

Photo credit: (1) 17th Century Rationalist Architecture by Claude Nicolas Ledoux https://study.com/academy/lesson/rationalist-architecture.html

Photo credit: (2) Coles, R., Costa, S., & Watson, S. (2018). Pathways to well-being in design: examples from the arts, humanities and the built environment. Routledge. Retrieved April 2, 2023. p101

Photo Credit: Poulin, R. (2021) Rational Simplicity, Rudolph de Harak, Graphic Designer. https://www.itsnicethat.com/features/rational-simplicity-rudolph-de-harak-richard-poulin-volume-graphic-design-060421

© 2023 by Alysia Mann. Powered and secured by Wix

bottom of page